Friday, March 4, 2011

New 'Nanolube' Could Cut Engine Friction by More Than Half

In any contraption with moving parts--automotive engines, industrial machines, a countertop juicer--some degree of energy is lost as heat to friction. That loss can range from the relatively small amount lost by a single juicer, to the collectively huge amount lost each day by, say, all of the cars in the world (or all of the industrial machines used to manufacture them). A new nanotech solution could change that via a new lubrication technology that can cut friction by 55 percent.

Dr. Guojun Liu, a Chemistry professor at Queen?s University, augmented a base automobile engine oils with nanoscale polymer particles just tens of nanometers in size. Tested under simulated conditions mimicking that of the surface metal contact in car engines, these particles were found to reduce friction, and not just by a little. Liu?s nanolube reduced friction--and the energy lost to it--by more than half.

Given the vast applications of metal-on-metal machinery, not just on the road but across the manufacturing industry, in the laboratory, in construction and agricultural equipment, and elsewhere, such a friction-cutting nanolube could put a huge dent in wasted energy. That potential dent is so huge, in fact, that it garnered Liu a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers' Captain Alfred E. Hunt Memorial Award.

Do you know anyone who has a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers' Captain Alfred E. Hunt Memorial Award? We didn?t think so.

[Science Daily]

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Hubble Captures the Orion Nebula's Little Brother Busily Birthing Stars


Messier 43, Little Brother to the Orion Nebula ESA/Hubble & NASA

It?s not always easy being the little brother, but stepping out from the shadow of its bigger sibling--the Orion Nebula (Messier 42)--Messier 43 is finally getting its chance to shine. This recently released Hubble image shows M43 doing what little brothers are wont to do: emulating its bigger sibling. Both regions are churning out baby stars.

Both M42 and M43 are part of the larger Orion molecular cloud complex which, at just 1,400 light years away, is a well-documented region of the cosmos and one of the closest massive star nurseries to Earth. Young, extremely hot stars are burning brightly here, sending powerful solar winds outward that precipitate the gorgeous swirls of dust and gas seen above.

M43 is a lesser studied region of the Orion complex, separated from the well-documented Orion Nebula by a narrow, dark lane of dust. This particular image is a composite made of images Hubble snapped using yellow and near-infrared filters on its Advanced Camera for Surveys.

[Hubble]

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Thursday, March 3, 2011

Testing the Goods: Sonomax Eers Custom Earbuds Pump Silicone Goop Into Your Ear-Holes

Sonomax's ultra-cheap (comparatively, anyway) custom-fit earbuds might be the perfect set of earbuds for the gym


Sonomax Eers Earbuds Dan Nosowitz

Ears vary wildly from person to person, with all kinds of weird and/or oogy topographical variation--ridges, valleys, craters, mesas, archipelagos. (Probably not archipelagos.) And the ear is particularly sensitive to the earbuds with which you thoughtlessly penetrate it on a daily basis: Off-the-shelf earbuds' imperfect fit can cause diminished sound quality as well as ear-canal discomfort. Earbud connoisseurs get theirs professionally custom-molded to the contours of each individual ear, but custom earbuds often cost about as much as a lightly-used Vespa. Enter the Sonomax Eers, which take a mere four minutes for molding and cost a fraction of the price of competing custom 'buds.

What's New

Montreal-based Sonomax aims to take the prohibitively high-end custom-fitted earbud and bring it down to a price point normal people (which is to say, not professional DJs) can afford. To do that, they've created the SonoFit system, which looks like something in between a pair of mid-weight headphones and an audio-based Ludovico device. You clamp it onto your head and insert the deflated rubber earbuds into your ears, and the machine squeezes liquid silicone into those earbuds, fitting them to the shape of your ears in the same way a water balloon would. In four minutes, the machine has created perfectly-fitted custom earbuds, ready to use immediately.

That's very different from the usual way custom-molded earbuds are created: Those from Ultimate Ears, for example, require a visit to an audiologist, a specialist who will create a rubber molding of the inside of your ear. Then those moldings are sent to the company, who will create the custom earbuds and ship them back to you. Not only is the price often exorbitant (upwards of $1,000 is the norm), the process can take weeks, which I think we can all agree is significantly longer than the four minutes the Sonomax kit requires.

Sonomax SonoFit Molding Gear: This contraption clamps onto your head and squeezes goop into your ears. �Dan Nosowitz

What's Good

The actual process of fitting the earbuds definitely has a back-alley dentist feel, but it's more unfamiliar than uncomfortable. The silicone is oddly cold, and in seconds your ears are filled, blocking out outside noise as if your ears were waterlogged. When Sonomax says it's a four-minute process, they aren't lying: It took four minutes to the second. The machine does a pretty polished job--the earbuds are smooth and firm, with no unfinished ridges or any other spots of discomfort.

In terms of wearing the Eers, I found that they performed best while working out. For one thing, they have non-removable hooks to go over the tops of the ears--usually I don't like the ear-hook design, but it helped keep them in place while exercising. I found them more comfortable than rubber-tipped ones, and more resilient/less gross than foam-tipped ones (we shall not discuss the horror that is plastic earbuds).

The price is far lower than any reputable custom earbud--the very cheapest custom Ultimate Ears model clocks in at $450, more than twice the cheaper Eers model and $150 more than the pricier Eers model I tested. Plus, those Ultimate Ears earbuds require you to go see an "audiologist" who can fit them to your ears--and you may not have one nearby.

What's Bad

The Eers are made of rubber that's quite firm, thanks to the hardened silicone filling, so even though they're molded to the shape of your ears, they're kind of stiff and inflexible. That leads to small fitting problem: The earbuds need a slight amount of liquid to form a quality seal in the ear. Sonomax gave me a tiny bottle of ear-lube, which has proved damned difficult to explain to strangers, so I usually leave it at home. Water works just fine, though, as does (not to be gross, but I'm about to, so) sweat, which is partly why they're great exercise 'buds. Natural lubricant! Disgusting! Effective!

Even with the required lube, I found that the seal is not as complete as with my foam-tipped Shure earbuds, though it's infinitely better than those ludicrous plastic-circles-of-pain earbuds that come packaged with iPods. The Shures can block out airplane noise; the Eers have trouble blocking out the sound of my own exhausted breathing after three minutes on the elliptical.

Sonomax Eers, Detail: This is what the inside of my left ear looks like. You're welcome. �Dan Nosowitz

The sound quality of the earbuds is also not thrilling. Again, it falls somewhere between the tinny garbage of sub-$50 earbuds and the lush quality of my mid-end Shures--the latter of which is actually much cheaper than the Eers. If you're a bitrate snob or if you demand extras like an inline volume control or cloth-protected cabling, you'll be disappointed with the Eers, but for most people they'll be totally adequate.

Oh, and you get to find out with the reverse of the inside of your ears looks like. This is in the "What's Bad" section because the inside of my ears looks weird.

The Price

The single-driver earbuds cost $200, and the "premium" dual-driver earbuds I tested cost $300. They'll be available this spring.

The Bottom Line

Sonomax's Eers are a pretty interesting product, but not a perfect one. The molding process is very fast and easy, and the final fit--barring some sealing issues--is excellent. But the rampant cost-cutting that allowed Sonomax to create a $300 custom earbud shows up in unfortunate places. The cable is very thin, there's no inline volume control, and the drivers themselves are not particularly high-end. What I would really love is if Best Buy or Guitar Center or whatever had a few of the custom fitters in the store, and charged maybe a $50 premium over the actual cost of the earbuds (which can't be more than $50 alone) to get them fitted. There's no point in the customer paying a ton of extra money to have a one-time-use earbud fitter (the fitter is recyclable but not designed for multiple uses), especially when a $300 pair of Shures or Etymotics or Ultimate Ears are so superior sonically. That being said, the Eers have become my exclusive gym earbuds--I've never had a pair that fit so naturally for that use. Not that they get a ton of use or anything.

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Researchers Create Moldable Metals That Are Stronger Than Steel


Yale's Jan Schroer Materials scientist Jan Schroers and his team have developed metal alloys that retain their strength while being as moldable as plastics.

Plastics are great because they are so easily moldable into just about anything, but that manipulability also often introduces a degree of fragility as well. For high strength and durability, what you really want is a metal alloy of some kind. Now Yale scientists are doing away with this strength-moldability tradeoff by developing novel metal alloys that are as moldable as plastic.

The resulting materials are stronger than steel, yet easily formed under low heat and pressure into all kinds of shapes and forms. Materials scientists at Yale were looking into the properties of some recently developed bulk mettalic glasses--metal alloys whose atoms are randomly arranged rather than organized into highly-ordered crystalline structures--and found that they can be blow molded just like plastics while retaining their strength and durability.

The alloys--composed of common metals like copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium--can be blow molded via low pressure, low heat processes identical to those used to shape plastics, meaning they aren?t any more expensive to process than plastic. The raw materials--the metals themselves--also cost about the same.

They also work well at a variety of scales. Lead researcher Jan Schroers and his team are already using their new blow-molded metals to shape everything from small seamless containers and bottles to medical implants and miniature resonators for microelectromechanicals systems (MEMS), all with the strength and staying power of steel.

"This could enable a whole new paradigm for shaping metals," Schroers said in a press release. "The superior properties of BMGs relative to plastics and typical metals, combined with the ease, economy and precision of blow molding, have the potential to impact society just as much as the development of synthetic plastics and their associated processing methods have in the last century."

[Yale]

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Kepler's Ongoing Exoplanet Findings Show Bizarre Solar Systems And Peculiar Planets


Kepler 11 System Kepler-11 is a sun-like star with six planets. At times, two or more planets pass in front of the star at once, as shown in this artist's conception of a simultaneous transit of three planets observed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft on Aug. 26, 2010. NASA/Tim Pyle

As astronomers continue mining data from the Kepler telescope, the planetary peculiarities keep on coming. We?ve already seen the smallest rocky world, 54 planets in a Goldilocks comfort zone around their stars, and even the possibility of planets sharing the same orbit. Add to that mix planetary resonance and superfast exoplanet "years."

Last month, Kepler scientists announced a trove of 1,235 planetary candidates, at least 15 of which are definitely planets. Scientists are in the process of determining whether the rest of the objects are planets, too, or if they?re binary stars or something else. So far, the Kepler ?Objects of Interest? are pretty interesting.

Take KOI 191, which involves four planets in unstable orbits. Jack Lissauer, a co-investigator for the Kepler mission at NASA?s Ames Research Center, tells International Business Times the planets are probably in resonances that keep them in their places ? orbits that cross each other but don?t come very close.

This is the case for Pluto and Neptune, which are in a 3:2 resonance. For every three times Neptune orbits the sun, Pluto orbits twice, and the cycle repeats every 500 years. Their dance keeps their orbits stable, which Lissauer says might be the case for KOI 191.

Lissauer and other Kepler scientists submitted a research paper last week saying they had found planets sharing the same orbit, which would be possible if they inhabited a Trojan configuration ? named for a Jovian example involving some asteroids. In such a system, involving a planet and a star, there are Lagrange points 60 degrees ahead and 60 degrees behind the planet in which a smaller body can safely orbit. But now, Lissauer says he?s skeptical of this interpretation of KOI 730, and that a resonance system could explain the shared orbits. If that?s the case, the four planets in KOI 730 would have orbits in the resonances 8:6:4:3. In other words, there are two pairs of planets, and each time the first member of the pair makes three orbits, another planet completes four, IB Times explains.

Finally, there?s KOI 500, which has five planets with orbital periods ranging from under one day to 9.5 days. If confirmed, the planets will be in some of the smallest orbits ever found, with the innermost planet staying toasty despite the star?s relatively cool temperature.

Just a few months ago, exoplanets ? and especially exoplanet systems ? were a rare and compelling find. Now that we know they?re a dime a dozen, their individual characteristics are becoming the most interesting aspect of exoplanet research. Stay tuned as more and more Kepler data reaches the scientific literature.

[International Business Times]

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What's New in Apple's iPad 2


iPad 2 Duo Apple

Apple announced the latest iPad today, and while it may not have the ultra-HD screen or SD card slot we'd been hoping for, it's still an improvement over the first iteration of the tablet, both in hardware and software. Chief among those: the new Apple A5 chip, a dual-core processor like the Motorola Xoom's and BlackBerry PlayBook's, and both a front-facing camera for FaceTime chat and a rear-facing camera.

The Physical

Size: The hardware has been rejiggered in the typical Apple way--ever thinner, in this case whittled down to a mere 8.8mm thick (thinner than the iPhone 4, even) and lighter, down from 1.5 to 1.3 pounds (the Motorola Xoom, in comparison, weighs 1.6 pounds).

Color: White! Everyone likes white things! (As John Mahoney noted, it "totally looks like a picture frame"). The classic black will still be available.

iPad 2 White: �Apple

Internals: Apple revealed its latest processor, the update to the single-core A4 chip that is predictably a dual-core chip called the A5. That puts the iPad on relatively equal footing with, well, every other tablet that sprung up in its wake--the Motorola Xoom has a dual-core Tegra 2, and the soon-to-be-released BlackBerry Playbook and HP TouchPad both offer dual-core chips as well (a TI OMAP and a dual-core Snapdragon, respectively). Apple claims the new A5 is nine times faster than the A4, which is kind of a hard number to quantify but at least assures us that the iPad 2 will be noticeably faster than its predecessor. At the same time, Apple says the iPad 2 will retain that legendary 10-hour battery life, despite the new power and new size.

As for other internals, the iPad 2 will come with a gyroscope sensor, just like the iPhone 4--it can be used for better sensing of movement, in concert with the accelerometer. Apple did not mention memory, however, long considered the Achilles' heel of the iPad 1: That tablet came with a mere 256MB, 25% as much as competing tablets like the Motorola Xoom. That inhibits its ability to run multiple programs at once, so we hope Apple just neglected to mention a bump.

Accessories

Protection: Weirdly enough, the new Apple-made case is one of the more exciting things on display today. "Case" is really a misnomer--it's more of a screen cover, a thin sheet that shields the iPad's screen but not its back. The case, made of either leather or poly cloth, attaches to the iPad with magnets, and can be folded into a stand to hold the iPad 2 either vertically or horizontally. Our favorite part? When the cover is applied, the iPad goes to sleep, and when it's removed, the iPad wakes--automatically.

iPad 2 Case: �Apple

HDMI-Out: There'll also be an HDMI-out adapter, the first in an iOS device, which mirrors your content on an HDTV. Nice, but pricey at $40, especially when just about every other tablet and phone can do this with a standard miniHDMI port.

Software

Apple is updating their content creation software for the iPad, perhaps to counter the perception that tablets are all about content consumption. That comes in the form of a revamped iMovie and GarageBand, Apple's two excellent programs for video and music editing. GarageBand features virtual touch instruments, which make me uneasy as a musician, but it seems like it could be a pretty impressive mobile recording studio. Both will be available for $5, which is pretty insane considering the depth of those programs. Loath as I am to give up my decades-old, chipped plastic 4-track cassette recorder, the iPad 2 might actually be a superior option.

Otherwise, iOS 4.3 is largely unchanged--Apple says Safari browsing will be faster, and there are some improved AirPlay functionality, but otherwise it's pretty much the same. iOS 4.3 will ship for modern iOS devices (less than two years old) on March 11th, though Apple excludes the Verizon iPhone 4 from this announcement--it's possible that iOS 4.3 will be a little delayed for it, although Verizon iPhone owners are accustomed to waiting.

The Network

The iPad 2 will be available in both black and white on both AT&T and Verizon. Both will be 3G--no LTE here yet.

The Price

The iPad 2's price is unchanged from the iPad 1--it starts at $500 for the Wi-Fi-only 16GB version, and moves up to the priciest version, a 64GB 3G iPad for $830.

The Release Date

You'll be able to snag the iPad 2 here in the States on March 11th, otherwise known as next Friday. Internationally, it'll see release on March 25th.

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Testing the Goods: Sonomax Eers Custom Earbuds Pump Silicone Goop Into Your Ear-Holes

Sonomax's ultra-cheap (comparatively, anyway) custom-fit earbuds might be the perfect set of earbuds for the gym


Sonomax Eers Earbuds Dan Nosowitz

Ears vary wildly from person to person, with all kinds of weird and/or oogy topographical variation--ridges, valleys, craters, mesas, archipelagos. (Probably not archipelagos.) And the ear is particularly sensitive to the earbuds with which you thoughtlessly penetrate it on a daily basis: Off-the-shelf earbuds' imperfect fit can cause diminished sound quality as well as ear-canal discomfort. Earbud connoisseurs get theirs professionally custom-molded to the contours of each individual ear, but custom earbuds often cost about as much as a lightly-used Vespa. Enter the Sonomax Eers, which take a mere four minutes for molding and cost a fraction of the price of competing custom 'buds.

What's New

Montreal-based Sonomax aims to take the prohibitively high-end custom-fitted earbud and bring it down to a price point normal people (which is to say, not professional DJs) can afford. To do that, they've created the SonoFit system, which looks like something in between a pair of mid-weight headphones and an audio-based Ludovico device. You clamp it onto your head and insert the deflated rubber earbuds into your ears, and the machine squeezes liquid silicone into those earbuds, fitting them to the shape of your ears in the same way a water balloon would. In four minutes, the machine has created perfectly-fitted custom earbuds, ready to use immediately.

That's very different from the usual way custom-molded earbuds are created: Those from Ultimate Ears, for example, require a visit to an audiologist, a specialist who will create a rubber molding of the inside of your ear. Then those moldings are sent to the company, who will create the custom earbuds and ship them back to you. Not only is the price often exorbitant (upwards of $1,000 is the norm), the process can take weeks, which I think we can all agree is significantly longer than the four minutes the Sonomax kit requires.

Sonomax SonoFit Molding Gear: This contraption clamps onto your head and squeezes goop into your ears. �Dan Nosowitz

What's Good

The actual process of fitting the earbuds definitely has a back-alley dentist feel, but it's more unfamiliar than uncomfortable. The silicone is oddly cold, and in seconds your ears are filled, blocking out outside noise as if your ears were waterlogged. When Sonomax says it's a four-minute process, they aren't lying: It took four minutes to the second. The machine does a pretty polished job--the earbuds are smooth and firm, with no unfinished ridges or any other spots of discomfort.

In terms of wearing the Eers, I found that they performed best while working out. For one thing, they have non-removable hooks to go over the tops of the ears--usually I don't like the ear-hook design, but it helped keep them in place while exercising. I found them more comfortable than rubber-tipped ones, and more resilient/less gross than foam-tipped ones (we shall not discuss the horror that is plastic earbuds).

The price is far lower than any reputable custom earbud--the very cheapest custom Ultimate Ears model clocks in at $450, more than twice the cheaper Eers model and $150 more than the pricier Eers model I tested. Plus, those Ultimate Ears earbuds require you to go see an "audiologist" who can fit them to your ears--and you may not have one nearby.

What's Bad

The Eers are made of rubber that's quite firm, thanks to the hardened silicone filling, so even though they're molded to the shape of your ears, they're kind of stiff and inflexible. That leads to small fitting problem: The earbuds need a slight amount of liquid to form a quality seal in the ear. Sonomax gave me a tiny bottle of ear-lube, which has proved damned difficult to explain to strangers, so I usually leave it at home. Water works just fine, though, as does (not to be gross, but I'm about to, so) sweat, which is partly why they're great exercise 'buds. Natural lubricant! Disgusting! Effective!

Even with the required lube, I found that the seal is not as complete as with my foam-tipped Shure earbuds, though it's infinitely better than those ludicrous plastic-circles-of-pain earbuds that come packaged with iPods. The Shures can block out airplane noise; the Eers have trouble blocking out the sound of my own exhausted breathing after three minutes on the elliptical.

Sonomax Eers, Detail: This is what the inside of my left ear looks like. You're welcome. �Dan Nosowitz

The sound quality of the earbuds is also not thrilling. Again, it falls somewhere between the tinny garbage of sub-$50 earbuds and the lush quality of my mid-end Shures--the latter of which is actually much cheaper than the Eers. If you're a bitrate snob or if you demand extras like an inline volume control or cloth-protected cabling, you'll be disappointed with the Eers, but for most people they'll be totally adequate.

Oh, and you get to find out with the reverse of the inside of your ears looks like. This is in the "What's Bad" section because the inside of my ears looks weird.

The Price

The single-driver earbuds cost $200, and the "premium" dual-driver earbuds I tested cost $300. They'll be available this spring.

The Bottom Line

Sonomax's Eers are a pretty interesting product, but not a perfect one. The molding process is very fast and easy, and the final fit--barring some sealing issues--is excellent. But the rampant cost-cutting that allowed Sonomax to create a $300 custom earbud shows up in unfortunate places. The cable is very thin, there's no inline volume control, and the drivers themselves are not particularly high-end. What I would really love is if Best Buy or Guitar Center or whatever had a few of the custom fitters in the store, and charged maybe a $50 premium over the actual cost of the earbuds (which can't be more than $50 alone) to get them fitted. There's no point in the customer paying a ton of extra money to have a one-time-use earbud fitter (the fitter is recyclable but not designed for multiple uses), especially when a $300 pair of Shures or Etymotics or Ultimate Ears are so superior sonically. That being said, the Eers have become my exclusive gym earbuds--I've never had a pair that fit so naturally for that use. Not that they get a ton of use or anything.

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Researchers Create Moldable Metals That Are Stronger Than Steel


Yale's Jan Schroer Materials scientist Jan Schroers and his team have developed metal alloys that retain their strength while being as moldable as plastics.

Plastics are great because they are so easily moldable into just about anything, but that manipulability also often introduces a degree of fragility as well. For high strength and durability, what you really want is a metal alloy of some kind. Now Yale scientists are doing away with this strength-moldability tradeoff by developing novel metal alloys that are as moldable as plastic.

The resulting materials are stronger than steel, yet easily formed under low heat and pressure into all kinds of shapes and forms. Materials scientists at Yale were looking into the properties of some recently developed bulk mettalic glasses--metal alloys whose atoms are randomly arranged rather than organized into highly-ordered crystalline structures--and found that they can be blow molded just like plastics while retaining their strength and durability.

The alloys--composed of common metals like copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium--can be blow molded via low pressure, low heat processes identical to those used to shape plastics, meaning they aren?t any more expensive to process than plastic. The raw materials--the metals themselves--also cost about the same.

They also work well at a variety of scales. Lead researcher Jan Schroers and his team are already using their new blow-molded metals to shape everything from small seamless containers and bottles to medical implants and miniature resonators for microelectromechanicals systems (MEMS), all with the strength and staying power of steel.

"This could enable a whole new paradigm for shaping metals," Schroers said in a press release. "The superior properties of BMGs relative to plastics and typical metals, combined with the ease, economy and precision of blow molding, have the potential to impact society just as much as the development of synthetic plastics and their associated processing methods have in the last century."

[Yale]

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Wednesday, March 2, 2011

Researchers Create Moldable Metals That Are Stronger Than Steel


Yale's Jan Schroer Materials scientist Jan Schroers and his team have developed metal alloys that retain their strength while being as moldable as plastics.

Plastics are great because they are so easily moldable into just about anything, but that manipulability also often introduces a degree of fragility as well. For high strength and durability, what you really want is a metal alloy of some kind. Now Yale scientists are doing away with this strength-moldability tradeoff by developing novel metal alloys that are as moldable as plastic.

The resulting materials are stronger than steel, yet easily formed under low heat and pressure into all kinds of shapes and forms. Materials scientists at Yale were looking into the properties of some recently developed bulk mettalic glasses--metal alloys whose atoms are randomly arranged rather than organized into highly-ordered crystalline structures--and found that they can be blow molded just like plastics while retaining their strength and durability.

The alloys--composed of common metals like copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium--can be blow molded via low pressure, low heat processes identical to those used to shape plastics, meaning they aren?t any more expensive to process than plastic. The raw materials--the metals themselves--also cost about the same.

They also work well at a variety of scales. Lead researcher Jan Schroers and his team are already using their new blow-molded metals to shape everything from small seamless containers and bottles to medical implants and miniature resonators for microelectromechanicals systems (MEMS), all with the strength and staying power of steel.

"This could enable a whole new paradigm for shaping metals," Schroers said in a press release. "The superior properties of BMGs relative to plastics and typical metals, combined with the ease, economy and precision of blow molding, have the potential to impact society just as much as the development of synthetic plastics and their associated processing methods have in the last century."

[Yale]

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What's New in Apple's iPad 2


iPad 2 Duo Apple

Apple announced the latest iPad today, and while it may not have the ultra-HD screen or SD card slot we'd been hoping for, it's still an improvement over the first iteration of the tablet, both in hardware and software. Chief among those: the new Apple A5 chip, a dual-core processor like the Motorola Xoom's and BlackBerry PlayBook's, and both a front-facing camera for FaceTime chat and a rear-facing camera.

The Physical

Size: The hardware has been rejiggered in the typical Apple way--ever thinner, in this case whittled down to a mere 8.8mm thick (thinner than the iPhone 4, even) and lighter, down from 1.5 to 1.3 pounds (the Motorola Xoom, in comparison, weighs 1.6 pounds).

Color: White! Everyone likes white things! (As John Mahoney noted, it "totally looks like a picture frame"). The classic black will still be available.

iPad 2 White: �Apple

Internals: Apple revealed its latest processor, the update to the single-core A4 chip that is predictably a dual-core chip called the A5. That puts the iPad on relatively equal footing with, well, every other tablet that sprung up in its wake--the Motorola Xoom has a dual-core Tegra 2, and the soon-to-be-released BlackBerry Playbook and HP TouchPad both offer dual-core chips as well (a TI OMAP and a dual-core Snapdragon, respectively). Apple claims the new A5 is nine times faster than the A4, which is kind of a hard number to quantify but at least assures us that the iPad 2 will be noticeably faster than its predecessor. At the same time, Apple says the iPad 2 will retain that legendary 10-hour battery life, despite the new power and new size.

As for other internals, the iPad 2 will come with a gyroscope sensor, just like the iPhone 4--it can be used for better sensing of movement, in concert with the accelerometer. Apple did not mention memory, however, long considered the Achilles' heel of the iPad 1: That tablet came with a mere 256MB, 25% as much as competing tablets like the Motorola Xoom. That inhibits its ability to run multiple programs at once, so we hope Apple just neglected to mention a bump.

Accessories

Protection: Weirdly enough, the new Apple-made case is one of the more exciting things on display today. "Case" is really a misnomer--it's more of a screen cover, a thin sheet that shields the iPad's screen but not its back. The case, made of either leather or poly cloth, attaches to the iPad with magnets, and can be folded into a stand to hold the iPad 2 either vertically or horizontally. Our favorite part? When the cover is applied, the iPad goes to sleep, and when it's removed, the iPad wakes--automatically.

iPad 2 Case: �Apple

HDMI-Out: There'll also be an HDMI-out adapter, the first in an iOS device, which mirrors your content on an HDTV. Nice, but pricey at $40, especially when just about every other tablet and phone can do this with a standard miniHDMI port.

Software

Apple is updating their content creation software for the iPad, perhaps to counter the perception that tablets are all about content consumption. That comes in the form of a revamped iMovie and GarageBand, Apple's two excellent programs for video and music editing. GarageBand features virtual touch instruments, which make me uneasy as a musician, but it seems like it could be a pretty impressive mobile recording studio. Both will be available for $5, which is pretty insane considering the depth of those programs. Loath as I am to give up my decades-old, chipped plastic 4-track cassette recorder, the iPad 2 might actually be a superior option.

Otherwise, iOS 4.3 is largely unchanged--Apple says Safari browsing will be faster, and there are some improved AirPlay functionality, but otherwise it's pretty much the same. iOS 4.3 will ship for modern iOS devices (less than two years old) on March 11th, though Apple excludes the Verizon iPhone 4 from this announcement--it's possible that iOS 4.3 will be a little delayed for it, although Verizon iPhone owners are accustomed to waiting.

The Network

The iPad 2 will be available in both black and white on both AT&T and Verizon. Both will be 3G--no LTE here yet.

The Price

The iPad 2's price is unchanged from the iPad 1--it starts at $500 for the Wi-Fi-only 16GB version, and moves up to the priciest version, a 64GB 3G iPad for $830.

The Release Date

You'll be able to snag the iPad 2 here in the States on March 11th, otherwise known as next Friday. Internationally, it'll see release on March 25th.

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